6.1. Git基本配置

配置用户信息

Git 提供了一个叫做git config 的工具，专门用来配置或读取相应的工作环境变量。而正是由这些环境变量，决定了 Git 在各个环节的具体工作方式和行为。这些变量可以存放在以下三个不同的地方：

• /etc/gitconfig文件：系统中对所有用户都普遍适用的配置。若使用git config时用--system选项，读写的就是这个文件。

• ~/.gitconfig文件：用户目录下的配置文件只适用于该用户。若使用git config时用--global选项，读写的就是这个文件。

• 当前项目的 Git 目录中的配置文件（也就是工作目录中的.git/config文件）：这里的配置仅仅针对当前项目有效。每一个级别的配置都会覆盖上层的相同配置，所以.git/config里的配置会覆盖/etc/gitconfig中的同名变量。

在 Windows 系统上，Git 会找寻用户主目录下的.gitconfig文件。主目录即 $HOME 变量指定的目录，一般都是C:\Documents and Settings\$USER。此外，Git 还会尝试找寻/etc/gitconfig文件，只不过看当初 Git 装在什么目录，就以此作为根目录来定位。

用户信息

第一个要配置的是你个人的用户名称和电子邮件地址。这两条配置很重要，每次 Git 提交时都会引用这两条信息，说明是谁提交了更新，所以会随更新内容一起被永久纳入历史记录：

$ git config --global user.name "输入你的名字"
$ git config --global user.email [e-mail]

查看配置信息

要检查已有的配置信息，可以使用 ·git config --list· 命令：

$ git config --list
user.name=Scott Chacon
user.email=[e-mail]
color.status=auto
color.branch=auto
color.interactive=auto
color.diff=auto
...

.gitignore

# General
*.DS_Store
.AppleDouble
.LSOverride

# Icon must end with two \r
Icon


# Thumbnails
._*

# Files that might appear in the root of a volume
.DocumentRevisions-V100
.fseventsd
.Spotlight-V100
.TemporaryItems
.Trashes
.VolumeIcon.icns
.com.apple.timemachine.donotpresent

# Directories potentially created on remote AFP share
.AppleDB
.AppleDesktop
Network Trash Folder
Temporary Items
.apdisk

# Xcode
#
# gitignore contributors: remember to update Global/Xcode.gitignore, Objective-C.gitignore & Swift.gitignore

## Build generated
build/
DerivedData/

## Various settings
*.pbxuser
!default.pbxuser
*.mode1v3
!default.mode1v3
*.mode2v3
!default.mode2v3
*.perspectivev3
!default.perspectivev3
xcuserdata/

## Other
*.moved-aside
*.xccheckout
*.xcscmblueprint

## Obj-C/Swift specific
*.hmap
*.ipa
*.dSYM.zip
*.dSYM

## Playgrounds
timeline.xctimeline
playground.xcworkspace

# Swift Package Manager
#
# Add this line if you want to avoid checking in source code from Swift Package Manager dependencies.
# Packages/
# Package.pins
.build/

# CocoaPods
#
# We recommend against adding the Pods directory to your .gitignore. However
# you should judge for yourself, the pros and cons are mentioned at:
# https://guides.cocoapods.org/using/using-cocoapods.html#should-i-check-the-pods-directory-into-source-control
#
# Pods/

# Carthage
#
# Add this line if you want to avoid checking in source code from Carthage dependencies.
# Carthage/Checkouts

Carthage/Build

# fastlane
#
# It is recommended to not store the screenshots in the git repo. Instead, use fastlane to re-generate the
# screenshots whenever they are needed.
# For more information about the recommended setup visit:
# https://docs.fastlane.tools/best-practices/source-control/#source-control

fastlane/report.xml
fastlane/Preview.html
fastlane/screenshots
fastlane/test_output

# Code Injection
#
# After new code Injection tools there's a generated folder /iOSInjectionProject
# https://github.com/johnno1962/injectionforxcode

iOSInjectionProject/

Git客户端

• SourceTree
• GitHub Desktop